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Nico buys a house and lot from Ella, who presents herself as the owner and signs a deed of sale to a fee simple, showing a title in Ella’s name. After the transfer and registration, it is discovered that Ella actually holds only a life estate in the property and cannot convey the fee, and the title presented by Ella traces to a prior, voidable transfer. Nico now argues that his lack of knowledge about Ella’s true status should excuse him under Article 3 of the Civil Code. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine and its scope. (b) Distinguish ignorance of the law from ignorance of the facts in this land-transaction context. (c) Apply the rule to the facts and state whether the sale is valid or void and what remedies Nico may have.