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Question
(a) Identify the Operative Fact Doctrine and state the controlling rule governing acts performed under a repealed or amended land-registration law.
(b) Apply the doctrine to the following facts: On June 2, 1999, D executed a deed of absolute sale of a parcel of land to E under the Land Registration Act then in force. Possession was delivered to E on June 15, 1999, and a Transfer Certificate of Title was issued in E’s name on July 20, 1999. On February 1, 2005, the statute was repealed and replaced by a new Land Registration Law. In 2013, F challenges E’s title as void due to repeal. Decide whether E’s title remains valid or not under the Operative Fact Doctrine, and explain the effect on F’s claim.