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An Act titled the Geospatial and Public Records Modernization Act (GPRMA) was enacted on December 1, 2024 and published in the Official Gazette on December 6, 2024. The Act provides: (a) This Act shall take effect on January 20, 2025. (b) For purposes of land title applications, all applications filed on or after January 20, 2025 shall be governed by GPRMA; all applications filed before January 20, 2025 shall be governed by the law previously in force. Rafael filed an application for title on January 10, 2025. The Clerk of Court denies the application, citing the old law. (a) Identify the controlling rule under Article 2 of the Civil Code regarding when laws take effect. (b) Determine whether Rafael’s January 10, 2025 filing is governed by the old law or by GPRMA. (c) If Rafael had filed the application on January 21, 2025, what law governs?

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The controlling rule is the Act’s explicit date, but only for acts within the Act’s scope; (b) Rafael’s January 10, 2025 filing is governed by the old law; (c) If Rafael had filed on January 21, 2025, the act would still apply. The controlling rule is that the Act’s explicit date fixes its effectivity for all matters; (b) Rafael’s January 10, 2025 filing is governed by the old law; (c) If Rafael had filed on January 21, 2025, the old law would apply. The controlling rule is that the Act’s own date fixes its effectivity; (b) Rafael’s January 10, 2025 filing is governed by the old law; (c) If Rafael filed on January 21, 2025, the old law would govern. The controlling rule under Article 2 NCC is that laws take effect fifteen days after publication unless the Act provides otherwise; in this case GPRMA states it shall take effect on January 20, 2025 and that for land title filings, those filed on or after January 20, 2025 are governed by GPRMA, while filings before January 20, 2025 are governed by the law previously in force; (b) Rafael’s January 10, 2025 filing is governed by the old law; (c) If Rafael filed on January 21, 2025, the GPRMA governs.

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