On February 2, 2015, Ana sold Lot S to Ben by private deed; taxes were paid; the deed was not registered. On January 1, 2025, the Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA) takes effect, providing: (i) retroactive effect to all...
On March 1, 2020, Aldo sold Parcel C to Bea via private deed; the deed was not registered. On November 15, 2029, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Property Titles Act (RPPTA), which provides: (i) retroactive effect...
On March 2, 2014, A sold Lot 12 to B by private deed; the deed was not registered. On June 15, 2023, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA), which provides: (i) retroactive effect to all land tran...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Article 4
On May 20, 2011, Ramon executed a private deed transferring a parcel of land to Maya; the deed was notarized but not registered. On June 30, 2030, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Property Titles Act (RPTA), which...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Article 4, Lawphil
On September 9, 2018, Paolo sold Lot X to Lena by a private deed of sale; the deed was notarized but not registered. On December 15, 2026, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA), which provides: (...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Article 4
On April 1, 2009, A executed a private deed of sale transferring Lot 7 to B; the deed was not notarized. B has possessed the land since. On January 30, 2025, the Retroactive Property Registration Act (RPRA) was enacted...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Article 4
On April 10, 2021, JUAN sold Parcel Z to MARIA by private deed; the deed is notarized but not registered. On September 1, 2029, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Property Transfers Act (RPTA), which provides: (i) r...
On August 2, 2018, Diego sold Lot 88 to Mia via a private deed; the deed was notarized but not registered. On December 5, 2024, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Property Titles Act (RPPTA), which provides: (i) ret...
On February 10, 2017, Ana sold Lot K to Ben by private deed; taxes were paid; the deed was not registered. On January 1, 2025, the Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA) takes effect, providing: (i) retroactive effect to all...
Citations: Civil Code, Art. 4
On February 20, 2019, Kai sold Parcel B to Zee by private deed; the deed was not notarized or registered. On August 15, 2024, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Real Property Title Act (RRPTA), which provides: (i) r...
Citations: Civil Code, Art. 4
On July 20, 2021, Elena executed a private deed transferring Lot A to Sam; taxes were paid but the deed was not registered. On December 15, 2023, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA), which prov...
On June 10, 2010, Mario sold a parcel of land to Ana through a duly executed deed of sale that was never registered in the Register of Deeds. On January 5, 2023, a new statute, the Retroactive Land Titles Act, was enacte...
Citations: Civil Code, Art. 4
On March 3, 2015, Diego signed a private deed transferring Parcel Alpha to Sofia; the deed is not notarized and has not been registered. On July 15, 2027, the Retroactive Transfer Recognition Act (RTR Act) is enacted, pr...
Citations: Civil Code, Article 4
On March 3, 2016, X sold Parcel A to Y by private deed; the deed was not registered. On April 20, 2024, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive Property Recognition Act (RPRA), which provides: (i) retroactive effect to a...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Article 4
On May 1, 2016, Adolfo executed a private deed of sale transferring Lot 27 to Bea; the deed was notarized but not registered. Adolfo later died, leaving Bea as purchaser in possession. On December 31, 2025, the Legislatu...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Art. 4
On May 1, 2020, Lora executed a private deed transferring Lot P to Kai; the deed is private and not necessarily notarized, but taxes on the transfer were paid. On January 1, 2022, the Legislature enacted the Retroactive...
On September 15, 2020, Lucas sold Lot 12 to Mina by private deed; the deed was notarized but not registered. On January 1, 2024, the Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA) takes effect, providing: (i) retroactive effect to a...
Art. 5 of the Civil Code classifies certain rules as mandatory or prohibitory. A privately drafted deed purporting to convey a parcel of land from A to B is executed, but the law requires that transfers of immovable prop...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Article 5 (on mandatory and prohibitory laws); Civil Code provisions on the formal requirements for transfers of immovable property (public instrument).
A Retroactive Land Titles Act (RLTA) is enacted to take effect on January 1, 2025. It provides: (i) retroactive effect to all land transfers evidenced by a valid contract and payment of taxes, even if not registered as o...
...ld Lot 7 to Bea by private deed in 2012; the deed was not registered. On 2024, the Legislature enacted the Continuing Land Registration Act (CLRA), which provides: (i) retroactive effect to all land transfers evidenced b...
Citations: Civil Code, Article 4
Considering the facts below, which statement best explains the controlling doctrine on retroactivity and the effect of Article 4 on a retroactive land-title statute, and the likely outcome for Lara's registration under t...
...isdiction as limited to territorial land, rely on place-of-commission rules for airspace, or incorrectly claim the registration is irrelevant or that only certain offenses are extraterritorial.
...shcard isolates the core doctrine in Art. 5—mandatory vs. prohibitory rules—by presenting a scenario about the formal requirement for transferring immovable property. It test...
Citations: Civil Code, Art. 5, Civil Code, Art. 1403
...ocused on the core doctrine in Art. 5 about mandatory and prohibitory rules governing property transfers. The scenario uses distinct actors and a different fact pattern to test recognition of a mandatory p...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, Art. 5
Clara